Energy Distribution in 2d Stringy Black Hole Backgrounds

We utilize Moller's and Einstein's energy-momentum complexes in order to explicitly evaluate the energy distributions associated with the two-dimensional "Schwarzschild" and "Reissner-Nordstrom" black hole backgrounds. While Moller's prescription provides meaningful physical results, Einstein's prescription fails to do so in the aforementioned gravitational backgrounds. These results hold for all two-dimensional static black hole geometries. The results obtained within this context are exploited in order Seifert's hypothesis to be investigated.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, v2: acknowledgements added, to appear in Int.J.Mod.Phys.

L'Expulsió dels jueus, 1492

Per entendre millor l'expulsió dels jueus dels regnes peninsulars decretada pels reis Isabel I de Castella i Ferran II d'Aragó (1492) és necessari fer un seguiment de la presència dels jueus. S'inicia amb la romanització del territori i les primeres mesures contràries es troben en la legislació de l'Església visigòtica, sobretot en assumir aquesta el regne visigot amb Recared I en el Concili III de Toledo (589). La presència musulmana disminueix la tensió i s'encamina vers la tolerància. La reconquesta comporta, en canvi, el retorn a la legislació antijueva que s'accentua a partir del segle XIV i porta a la creació del Tribunal de la Inquisició per limitar el criptojudaisme, considerat com un perill per al procés d'unitat política. Finalment un conjunt de factors fan que els monarques optin per la unitat religiosa del país i posin els jueus davant l'alternativa de conversió al catolicisme, mitjançant el bateig, o l'exili, la mateixa que s'havia posat també davant els musulmans, després de la caiguda del regne de Granada (1492) i que s'ampliarà un segle després als moriscos (1610).The expulsion of the Jews, 1492. To better understand the expulsion of Jews from the peninsular kingdoms decreed by Queen Isabella I of Spain and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1492) it is necessary to track the presence of the jews. It begins with the Romanization of the territory and the first contrary measures are found in the law of the Visigothic Church, especially because it assumes the Visigoth kingdom with Reccared I in the Third Council of Toledo (589). The Muslim presence decreases the tension and heads towards tolerance. The reconquest involves instead a return to anti-Jewish legislation accentuated since the fourteenth century and leads to the creation of the Tribunal of the Inquisition to limit criptojudaism, considered a danger to the process of political unity. Finally a number of factors make the monarchs opt for the religious unity of the country and give the Jews the alternative of conversion to catholicism, through baptism, or the exile, the same that had been given to Muslims after the fall of the kingdom of Granada (1492), extended a century later to the Moriscos (1610)

El Català mola si mola el que fem en català... o no

Tot i que hi ha àmbits, com la música i la ràdio, en què els joves disposen d'una gran oferta en català, en altres camps, com la televisió, el teatre o el cinema, hi ha hagut, durant molt de temps, un gran buit. En la televisió aquest problema s'ha resolt, almenys parcialment, amb l'aparició del Canal 3XL,1 dirigit a joves d'entre 16 i 20 anys. Amb tot, el ventall de productes encara és molt reduït en els casos del teatre (tot i que els joves tendeixen a assistir-hi poc, sigui en la llengua que sigui) i del cinema (la proporció de pel·lícules en català és molt baixa, si la comparem amb la de pel·lícules en castellà). L 'article parteix de la idea que «el català mola si mola el que fem en català» i en posa dos exemples pràctics: Plats bruts, una comèdia de televisió que, amb una llengua viva i col·loquial (plena, això sí, de paraules no recollides per la normativa), va assolir un gran èxit, i el ball parlat de Dames i Vells de Tarragona, que atrau públic de totes les edats i, especialment, gent jove.Although there are spheres, like music and radio, in which young people enjoy a large offering in Catalan, in other fields, such as television, theatre or cinema, there has long been a void. In television, this problem has been solved, at least partially, with the appearance of Channel 3XL, addressed to young people between the ages of 16 and 20. Nevertheless, the range of available products is still quite small in theatre (even though it is also true that young people don’t tend to go to the theatre, regardless of the language involved), as well as in cinema (the proportion of films in Catalan in comparison to those in Spanish is very low). This paper is based on the idea that “Catalan is cool if what we do in it is cool” and gives two practical examples: Plats bruts, a TV sitcom featuring a lively colloquial language (albeit full of non-prescribed words), which became a big success, and Tarragona’s Ball Parlat de Dames i Vells, a popular festival that draws spectators of all ages and young people in particular

El Repte de la moneda única europea

The introduction of the single currency is one of the most important events that will strongly affect our lives. The process has been drawn out, starting in 1990 with the Delors Plan. The euro is the logical outcome of the single market. It will have taken twelve years to implement, just like the single tariff. L'euro has a political and economic logic. Many currencies make a single financial market difficult to have, but a single market does not require a single currency and it will not benefit everyone. We must be ready to make sacrifices. A difficulty with monetary union is the abscence of a common budgetary policy. Germany is mistrustful and wants to impose automatic penalties to prevent a weakening of the euro. German business is in favour of the euro to avoid competitive devaluations from the South, while German sayers are afraid to lose out. Public finances have deteriorated badly and Maastricht criteria are formally complied with creative accounting in Germain, and France as much as Spain. This is collective deception. The transition period has been too long and badly constructed, extending the Werner Plan of the sixties in the instantaneous markets and large indebtedness of the nineties. The burocratic construction of the Euro in three phases is not coherent. We have learnt nothing of the problems of the, European Exchange Mechanism in returning to fixed exchange rates. There will be difficult times for Spain

El Repte de la moneda única europea

The introduction of the single currency is one of the most important events that will strongly affect our lives. The process has been drawn out, starting in 1990 with the Delors Plan. The euro is the logical outcome of the single market. It will have taken twelve years to implement, just like the single tariff. L'euro has a political and economic logic. Many currencies make a single financial market difficult to have, but a single market does not require a single currency and it will not benefit everyone. We must be ready to make sacrifices. A difficulty with monetary union is the abscence of a common budgetary policy. Germany is mistrustful and wants to impose automatic penalties to prevent a weakening of the euro. German business is in favour of the euro to avoid competitive devaluations from the South, while German sayers are afraid to lose out. Public finances have deteriorated badly and Maastricht criteria are formally complied with creative accounting in Germain, and France as much as Spain. This is collective deception. The transition period has been too long and badly constructed, extending the Werner Plan of the sixties in the instantaneous markets and large indebtedness of the nineties. The burocratic construction of the Euro in three phases is not coherent. We have learnt nothing of the problems of the, European Exchange Mechanism in returning to fixed exchange rates. There will be difficult times for Spain

Obesitat, avui

Obesitat és el terme utilitzat quan hi ha un excés de greix corporal que produeix un increment del pes, sempre que aquest sigui a causa de l'augment del teixit adipós. La prevalença d'obesitat i de sobrepès estan augmentant a tot el món tant en l'edat adulta com en la infància. La predisposició genètica, l'entorn, els hàbits alimentaris i el sedentarisme són factors implicats en l'obesitat i el sobrepès. La prevenció passa per una educació nutricional des de la infància, des de l'àmbit familiar i escolar. Una bona alimentació i la pràctica d'activitat són fonamentals.Obesity is the term used when there is an excess of bodily fat which produces an increase in weight, if and when this is due to an increase of adipose tissue. Obesity and overweight are on the rise all over the world, both among adults and children. Genetic tendencies, environment and nutritional and sedentary habits are determining factors in cases of obesity and overweight. Prevention implies a correct nutritional education from early childhood both at home and at school. Proper nutritional habits as well as adequate physical activity are therefore essential factors to avoid obesity